Gill Salmon and Amanda KirbyCorrespondence to Gill SalmonTrehafod Child and Family ClinicWaunarlwydd RoadCockettSwansea SA2 0GBEmail: salmogm@doctors.org.ukABSTRACTIn the light of recent guidance published by The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) on the diagnosis and management of attention deficit disorders in children, young persons and adults, Gill Salmon, a consultant Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist based in Swansea, South Wales, and Amanda Kirby,...
Sunday, May 23, 2010
Saturday, May 22, 2010
The influence of sex on the course and psychiatric correlates of ADHD from childhood to adolescence: A longitudinal study
Michael C. Monuteaux,1 Eric Mick,1 Stephen V. Faraone,2 and Joseph Biederman11. Clinical and Research Programs in Pediatric Psychiatry and Adult ADHD, Psychiatry Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; 2. SUNY Genetics Research Program and Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
Background: Little is known about the influence of sex on the course of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its comorbid psychiatric conditions....
Understanding the Role of Neuroscience in Brain Based Products: A Guide for Educators and Consumers
Lesley J. Sylvan and Joanna A. ChristodoulouHarvard University, Graduate School of Education
Address correspondence to Joanna A. Christodoulou, Harvard Graduate
School of Education, Longfellow Hall, Appian Way, Cambridge, MA
02138; e-mail: jac765@mail.harvard.edu.
ABSTRACTThe term brain based is often used to describe learning theories, principles, and products. Although there have been calls urging educators to be cautious in interpreting and using such material, consumers may find it challenging...
Friday, May 21, 2010
The Moral Life of Babies (7)
Paul Bloom is a professor of psychology at Yale. His new book, “How Pleasure Works”The evolutionary psychologist has a quick response to this: To say that a biological trait evolves for a purpose doesn’t mean that it always functions, in the here and now, for that purpose. Sexual arousal, for instance, presumably evolved because of its connection to making babies; but of course we can get aroused in all sorts of situations in which baby-making just isn’t an option — for instance, while...
The Moral Life of Babies (6)
Paul Bloom is a professor of psychology at Yale. His new book, “How Pleasure Works”Dispensing justice like this is a more elaborate conceptual operation than merely preferring good to bad, but there are still-more-elaborate moral calculations that adults, at least, can easily make. For example: Which individual would you prefer — someone who rewarded good guys and punished bad guys or someone who punished good guys and rewarded bad guys? The same amount of rewarding and punishing is going...
The Moral Life of Babies (5)
Paul Bloom is a professor of psychology at Yale. His new book, “How Pleasure Works”In one of our first studies of moral evaluation, we decided not to use two-dimensional animated movies but rather a three-dimensional display in which real geometrical objects, manipulated like puppets, acted out the helping/hindering situations: a yellow square would help the circle up the hill; a red triangle would push it down. After showing the babies the scene, the experimenter placed the helper and the...
The Moral Life of Babies (4)
Paul Bloom is a professor of psychology at Yale. His new book, “How Pleasure Works” Some recent studies have explored the existence of behavior in toddlers that is “altruistic” in an even stronger sense — like when they give up their time and energy to help a stranger accomplish a difficult task. The psychologists Felix Warneken and Michael Tomasello have put toddlers in situations in which an adult is struggling to get something done, like opening a cabinet door with his hands full or trying...
The Moral Life of Babies (3)
Paul Bloom is a professor of psychology at Yale. His new book, “How Pleasure Works” These discoveries inevitably raise a question: If babies have such a rich understanding of objects and people so early in life, why do they seem so ignorant and helpless? Why don’t they put their knowledge to more active use? One possible answer is that these capacities are the psychological equivalent of physical traits like testicles or ovaries, which are formed in infancy and then sit around, useless, for years...
The Moral Life of Babies (2)
Paul Bloom is a professor of psychology at Yale. His new book, “How Pleasure Works” A reason this view has persisted is that, for many years, scientists weren’t sure how to go about studying the mental life of babies. It’s a challenge to study the cognitive abilities of any creature that lacks language, but human babies present an additional difficulty,...
The Moral Life of Babies (1)
Paul Bloomis a professor of psychology at Yale. His new book, “How Pleasure Works” Not long ago, a team of researchers watched a 1-year-old boy take justice into his own hands. The boy had just seen a puppet show in which one puppet played with a ball while interacting with two other puppets. The center puppet would slide the ball to the puppet on...
Time to Review Workplace Reviews?
ByTARA PARKER-POPEAfter years of studying the ill effects of workplace stress, psychologists are turning their attention to its causes. Along with the usual suspects — long hours, bad bosses, office bullies — they have identified some surprising ones.The focus on workplace health comes as worker satisfaction in the United States appears to be at an...
An Addiction Expert Reveals a Drug Habit
By TARA PARKER-POPEIn this week’s “A Piece of My Mind” column in The Journal of the American Medical Association, a specialist in addiction offers a riveting tale of his own tragic drug habit.Clinton B. McCracken of Baltimore is a biomedical scientist who built a career exploring the neuroscience of addiction. He writes that his experience serves as a cautionary tale for highly educated professionals, particularly health care workers, who may “intellectualize their drug use.” As he explains, their...
Can an Enemy Be a Child’s Friend?
In sixth grade they were unlikely friends, the good kid and the bad one, the girl who studied and the one who smoked in the alley. They hung out; they met for lunch. They even walked home from school together, one watching, awestruck, while the other ducked into drugstores to shoplift lip gloss, cigarettes, candy. It couldn’t last. One morning in...
Thursday, May 20, 2010
The importance of leading responsibly
Jack Denfeld Woodis Professor of Leadership and Organizational Behavior at IMD (www.imd.ch)and the director of its Building on Talent program.Ask people to name great leaders and chances are that they will choose a person who “fought to improve the state of the world” in one way or another; Gandhi, perhaps, or Winston Churchill. They will also name – more provocatively but just as accurately – someone such as Adolf Hitler or Osama bin Laden.This means that any serious examination of what it means...
THE MASCULINITY OF MONEY: AUTOMATIC STEREOTYPES PREDICT GENDER DIFFERENCES IN ESTIMATED SALARIES
Melissa J. Williams 1 Elizabeth Levy Paluck 2 Julie Spencer-Rodgers 3 1 Stanford University 2 Princeton University 3 University of California, Santa Barbara Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Melissa J. Williams, Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, 518 Memorial Way, Stanford, CA 94305. E-mail: mjwilliams@stanford.edu Melissa J. Williams, Graduate School of Business, Stanford University; Elizabeth Levy Paluck, Department of Psychology, Princeton...
How to Become a More Effective Learner Tips from Psychology to Improve Learning Effectiveness & Efficiency
By Kendra CherryI'm always interested in finding new ways to learn better and faster. As a graduate student who is also a full-time science writer, the amount of time I have to spend learning new things is limited. It's important to get the most educational value out of my time as possible. However, retention, recall and transfer are also critical....
Wednesday, May 19, 2010
The temporal relation between depression and comorbid psychopathology in adolescents at varied risk for depression
ByCatherine M. Gallerani, Judy Garber, and Nina C. MartinVanderbilt University, USABackground: This study examined the temporal comorbidity of depressive disorders with anxiety, externalizing, and substance use disorders in adolescents who varied in risk for depression.Methods:Participants were 240 adolescents and their mothers who had either a history of depression (high-risk, n = 185) or were lifetime-free of psychiatric disorders (low-risk, n = 55). Children (54.2% females) were first evaluated...
Deficits in interval timing measured by the dual-task paradigm among children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Shoou-Lian Hwang,1,2 Susan Shur-Fen Gau,3,4 Wen-Yau Hsu,1,5 and Yu-Yu Wu61. Department of Psychology, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan;2. Department of Applied Psychology, Hsuan Chuang University, Hsinchu, Taiwan; 3. Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; 4. Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan;5. Research Center for Mind, Brain and Learning, National Chengchi University, Taipei,...
Tuesday, May 18, 2010
Family Therapy And Muslim Families : A Solution Focused Approach
ByWahida C.Valiante BSW, MSW, OASW INTRODUCTION Over the years, family therapy has emerged as a separate and distinct discipline, one practiced very often by those outside the formal fields of psychiatry and psychology -- such as social workers, family therapists, counselors, and others. This diversity of practitioners illustrates well that there is no universal theory of psychotherapy. Many different approaches, techniques and theories seem to produce positive changes and results. Psychotherapy...
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