The word schizophrenia is rooted in Greek, schizein (split) and phren-(mind). In Indonesia, schizophrenia including the most extreme mental disorder sufferers. Ministry of Health through the Health Research Association in 2007 noted, people with extreme mental disorders 0.46 percent of the national population.
Schizophrenia allegedly suffered by 6-19 persons per 1,000 population. If the total Indonesian population of 200 million people, no less than 1.2 million people suffering from schizophrenia.
It took a long time until diagnosis of schizophrenia. For Iman (45), that means 20 years. At that time they was a student of Jakarta Teachers' Training College (now State University of Jakarta). One day, Iman arguing with one of his teachers. Since then, Iman could not even sleep spicing for two days. "I do not accept the opinion of that professor. I attempt to read scripture and listen to sermons in the event of religious pulpit to steady himself, but does not work. I am cranky and irritable, "he said.
Iman relatives bring it to a general practitioner who then referred to a hospital other. "I entered the psychiatric and treated one month," they explained.Iman continues to take medication. "I wonder why you ought to continue taking medication. Years later, I know that my schizophrenia, "he said. two times missed taking medication, the head of Iman began to hurt. Another time, after reading the Book of Revelation, Iman satisfied they is one of the apostles. they was positive about to be killed.Other signs, delusions or delusions, which is not in accordance with the contents of the mind remain confident despite the fact that it's been shown proof that his thoughts are wrong. Suppose that person believes they is the messenger of God.
Schizophrenia signs are not common. Specialist Doctors Association president Dr Tun Psychiatry Indonesia Kurniasih Bastaman SpKJ say, the signs of schizophrenia include hallucinations, sensory perception is wrong and there is no stimulus, such as hearing voices when no one speaking, seeing things, smelling, tasting, feeling there is a creeping skin that does not exist in point of fact.
So far, it is believed that disorders associated neuro chemical imbalance substance that functions as a neurotransmitter in the brain. The human brain consists of billions of cells that connect and communicate. Stimulation of a cell will produce a neurotransmitter that will stimulate other cells. One of the neurotransmitter dopamine is active in the area of the brain that acts to regulate emotions or limbic technique.
Luni who live with schizophrenia often see ghosts pocong and dark shadows. they was treated and studied religious discipline, but it remains difficult to eliminate the illusion. "I need to eliminate my fear of seeing a ghost," said Luni, at a gathering of the Community take care of Schizophrenia Indonesia a while ago.
In schizophrenia, the dopamine technique is overactive dopamine release. Now the researchers also saw the production of glutamate. However, it's not been answered fully the causes of schizophrenia.
Tun said, "Schizophrenia associated with the interaction of two factors: factor organo-biological, psycho-educational factors, and socio-cultural factors. Organobiologic factor is genetic factors and mechanisms of brain neurotransmitters, one hypothesis is hiperdopaminergic, "said Tun. Psycho-educational factors related to relatives upbringing, ie hard sister, sister is weak.
Events that do not suppress or evoke a sense of quiet and disappointments in life trigger, such as interpersonal relations (an argument with anybody close), environmental changes (moving a residence), and changes in the economy (bankrupt).
Socio-cultural factor is the norm and value systems in an surroundings where people live who can be a source of stress. Director of Mental Health Services Ministry of Health as well as psychiatric specialists, Irmansyah, argued, several other factors thought to contribute to risk factors, including complications in the course of childbirth, infections in the womb, a history of head trauma, stress, and traumatic experiences and the influence of drug abuse psychotropic (drugs).
Irmansyah said the objective of treatment is to control the signs of schizophrenia, allowing patients to live normal and active in every day activities in the community.
Recovery
"Misunderstanding causes schizophrenia is associated with the occult so that sometimes the patient was taken to" smart people ". When was desperate and the doctors, his condition was more extreme, "said Irmansyah.
The cause is the reluctance of other medication side effects of drugs that affect other systems in the brain that may cause tremors.
Tun asserted, schizophrenia ought to be treated. Patient care in an alternative route or without drugs can not be justified. Scientific information to prove, the more rapid and exact patient treated, the result is better. People with schizophrenia need to be re-socializing. The role of relatives and community post-rehabilitation important to reduce recurrence.
"The relatives and the surroundings need to generate a nice situation for relatives of schizophrenia are not prone disturbed," said Bagus Utomo, whose sister fell ill with schizophrenia. nice with relatives, people with schizophrenia, and observers of Indonesia established the Community take care of Schizophrenia. "So to understand what they experience, they're more wise," they said.
With controlled conditions, those who have recovered can be productive and generate. At this time, Iman became salesman in a pest control company. Social life also improved. they was in a relationship with a woman. Without doubt, Iman explains that they experienced issues, which have been understood.
By Indira Permanasari & Nawa Tunggal
health.kompas.com
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